It is generally understood that high efficiency electric power generation consistent with high reliability of operation and reduced cost of electricity is economically beneficial, but its effect upon reduction of all plant emissions without the installation of additional emission control equipment is less well appreciated. High efficiency as the most cost effective tool capable of reducing CO2 emission from fossil fuel plant in the short term has become a key concept for the choice of technology for both new plant and upgrades of existing plant. High efficiency is also important for future applications of CCS to mitigate the energy penalty of the CO2 capture process. Power generating options including Coal based Rankin cycle with advanced steam parameters, Coal gasification combined cycle, Natural gas-fired combined cycle and Oxy combustion are discussed and compared for their development, demonstration and commercial availability for deployment.