The U.S. has established aggressive targets for the production of renewable fuels as part of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007. EISA calls for the generation of 16 billion gallons of cellulosic biofuels by 2022. Our challenge is to find cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally responsible biofuels. This presentation will argue the case for integrating techno-economic, location, and carbon emission analysis to meet this challenge.